Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience in Pakistani Communities: A Study of the Impact of Climate Change on Livelihoods and Coping Strategies

Abstract

ABSTRACT

This study examines the impacts of climate change on rural and urban communities in Pakistan, evaluating adaptation strategies and resilience-building measures implemented at both household and community levels. Using a mixed-methods approach including surveys (n = 427) and statistical analysis of meteorological data from 1990-2023, this research identifies significant climate-related challenges facing Pakistani communities, including increased frequency of extreme weather events, water scarcity, and agricultural yield reductions. Findings reveal regional disparities in vulnerability, with rural communities experiencing more severe livelihood impacts but demonstrating stronger social cohesion in response. Quantitative analysis indicates that households implementing diversified livelihood strategies, particularly those combining traditional knowledge with modern adaptation techniques, demonstrate significantly greater resilience to climate shocks. Education level and access to climate information emerged as significant predictors of successful adaptation. Policy recommendations emphasize the need for targeted, context-specific interventions that build upon existing community strengths while addressing infrastructural and institutional weaknesses in Pakistan's climate response framework.

Keywords: climate adaptation, resilience, Pakistan, livelihood strategies, extreme weather events, community-based adaptation, vulnerability assessment, social capital.